{"id":136,"date":"2020-02-20T12:31:30","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T12:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.balarisimontessori.com\/?page_id=136"},"modified":"2020-02-25T12:56:15","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T12:56:15","slug":"maria-montessori-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/montessori\/maria-montessori-kimdir\/","title":{"rendered":"Maria Montessori Kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Maria Montessori 31 A\u011fustos 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Chiaravalle kentinde do\u011fdu. On iki ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, ailesi Maria\u2019n\u0131n daha iyi e\u011fitim alabilmesi i\u00e7in Roma\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ailesi, Maria\u2019ya o d\u00f6nemdeki pek \u00e7ok kad\u0131n gibi, \u00f6\u011fretmenlik e\u011fitimi almas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etti ancak Maria bunu reddederek sadece erkeklerin devam etti\u011fi bir teknik okula gitti.
\nHayat\u0131 boyunca bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ruhunu ta\u015f\u0131yan Maria Montessori\u2019nin teknik okula devam ederken biyolojiye olan ilgisi artt\u0131 ve \u00fcniversitede t\u0131p okumaya karar verdi. 19.Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6neltilen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nyarg\u0131lara ra\u011fmen 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maria Montessori, bu tabular\u0131 y\u0131karak , \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n ilk kad\u0131n doktoru oldu ve hayat\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda \u201cDottoressa\u201d (Kad\u0131n Doktor) hitab\u0131yla an\u0131ld\u0131.
\nAyn\u0131 y\u0131l, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir konferansta \u0130talya\u2019y\u0131 temsil etti. Benzer bir seminerde de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade eden konu\u015fmalar yaparak, \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu derin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"Dr.Maria Montessori<\/p>\n

Okuldaki e\u011fitimleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u00e7larla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n dikkatlerini daha uzun s\u00fcre yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendilerine yeterli olacak hayat becerilerini kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyen Maria Montessori, geleneksel e\u011fitim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n aksine \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr olacaklar\u0131 bir e\u011fitim metodu geli\u015ftirdi.
\n\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n Yuvas\u0131 ve Montessori\u2019nin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 e\u011fitim metodunun \u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015feklide yay\u0131ld\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinden ziyaret\u00e7iler bu okulu g\u00f6rmeye geldiler.
\n\u0130lk defa 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerini ziyaret eden Maria Montessori Thomas Edison taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Montessori\u2019yi destekleyen Alexander Graham Bell ve e\u015fi Mabel, Montessori E\u011fitim Derne\u011fini Washington\u2019daki evlerinde kurdular.
\nMaria Montessori\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli olan bir di\u011fer geli\u015fme de; 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda San Fransisco\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen uluslararas\u0131 bir e\u011fitim fuar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.
\nMaria Montessori bu fuara, \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 cam olan bir s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve camlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda, \u00e7evredekilerden hi\u00e7 rahats\u0131z olmadan, Maria\u2019n\u0131n tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u00e7larla uzun s\u00fcre yo\u011funla\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015fti. Bu fuar, o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130spanyol H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Maria Montessori\u2019yi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcs\u00fc kurmak i\u00e7in davet etti. 1919\u2019da Londra\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmen e\u011fitimleri veren Montessori\u2019nin kitaplar\u0131 farkl\u0131 dillere \u00e7evrildi ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda Montessori okullar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n1922\u2019de \u0130talya\u2019da e\u011fitim m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi yapmaya ba\u015flayan Maria Montessori, aradan ge\u00e7en on iki y\u0131l\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Mussolini iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkesini terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131 ve 1936 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u0130spanya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131. \u0130spanya\u2019da i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla Hollanda\u2019ya giden Montessori burada \u00d6\u011fretmen E\u011fitim Merkezini a\u00e7t\u0131. Hindistan\u2019a gitti ve Mahatma Gandhi ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hindistan\u2019da bir s\u00fcre kalan Maria Montessori burada da \u00f6\u011fretmen e\u011fitimleri verdi.<\/p>\n